前言

:

最近在论坛上有一些朋友提出我上传的”nios2架构uclinux（nios2-linux-20080619开发包）的过程”是英文版的不好读.碰巧我最近整理资料就把架构过程重新整理了一篇.便于朋友参考. 对于英语阅读能力比较好的朋友建议参考我整理的英文版.内容比较详细.由于作者水平有限,在整理过程中难免会出现一些错误,望朋友们批评并指正.转贴的朋友请注明出处http://blog.ednchina.com/chong_lang/(本博客正在完善中欢迎交流学习)

开发环境

:

在vmware 中安装centos5.2操作系统(在网上下载安装CentOS-5 2-i386-bin-DVD )

本人所使用的开发板为: altera公司的ep2c35f672c6n

宿主机windows开发平台为: windows xp sp3

在宿主机上安装的linux开发平台为centos5.2内核为: vmlinuz-2.6.18

开发工具为:quartus7.2

安装过程

Ok! 现在开始niosii架构uclinux过程

首先要在centos下挂载window 下的一个共享目录便于centos与宿主机传送文件,不会挂载的朋友google 一下linux 下mount命令的使用

在centos操作系统上我的开发目录设在了/home/zhaozhilei

[root@localhost ~]# cd /home/zhaozhilei

安装架构uclinux时所需要的库

[root@localhost zhaozhilei]# sudo yum install git-all make gcc ncurses-devel bison byacc flex

gawk gettext ccache zlib-devel gtk2-devel lzo-devel

一．下载uclinux开发包

[root@localhost zhaozhilei]#wget ftp://ftp.altera.com/outgoing/nios2-linux-20080619.tar

二．解压nios2-linux-20080619.tar

[root@localhost zhaozhilei]# tar xf nios2-linux-20080619.tar

三．进入nios2-linux目录

[root@localhost zhaozhilei]# cd nios2-linux

ls# see what's in

binutilsgcc3READMEuClibcuse_http_for_update

checkoutinsighttoolchain-builduClinux-dist

elf2fltlinux-2.6u-bootupdate

四．检查文件是否齐全

[root@localhost nios2-linux]#./checkout

五．下载交叉编译工具

[root@localhost nios2-linux]# cd ..

[root@localhost zhaozhilei]# wget ftp://ftp.altera.com/outgoing/nios2g...080203.tar.bz2

六．解压文件

[root@localhost zhaozhilei]#sudo tar jxf nios2gcc-20080203.tar.bz2 -C /

七．添加PATH路径

[root@localhost zhaozhilei]#cd

[root@localhost ~]# vim ./bash_profile

添加：PATH=$PATH:/opt/nios2/bin (红颜色部分是要添加的部分)

八．检查是否加入PATH

[root@localhost ~]#echo $PATH

结果应为：/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games:/opt/nios2/bin

十．检查交叉编译环境是否安装成功

[root@localhost ~]#nios2-linux-uclibc-gcc –v

结果应为：

Reading specs from /opt/nios2/lib/gcc/nios2-linux-uclibc/3.4.6/specs

Configured with: /root/buildroot/toolchain_build_nios2/gcc-3.4.6/configure --prefix=/opt/nios2 --build=i386-pc-linux-gnu --host=i386-pc-linux-gnu --target=nios2-linux-uclibc --enable-languages=c --enable-shared --disable-__cxa_atexit --enable-target-optspace --with-gnu-ld --disable-nls --enable-threads --disable-multilib --enable-cxx-flags=-static

Thread model: posix

gcc version 3.4.6

十一. 编译内核和应用，进入到uclinux-dist目录

[root@localhost ~i]#cd /home/zhaozhilei/nios2-linux

[root@localhost nios2-linux]#cd uClinux-dist

[root@localhost uClinux-dist]#make menuconfig

确保选择以下内容

Vendor/Product Selection --->

--- Select the Vendor you wish to target

Vendor (Altera)--->

--- Select the Product you wish to target

Altera Products (nios2)--->

Kernel/Library/Defaults Selection --->

--- Kernel is linux-2.6.x

Libc Version (None)--->

[*] Default all settings (lose changes)

[ ] Customize Kernel Settings

[ ] Customize Vendor/User Settings

[ ] Update Default Vendor Settings

注意：在成功引导uclinux之前不要改变上面任何设置

然后

十二 .编译硬件配置选择相应的cpu 和sdrma

[root@localhost uClinux-dist]#make vendor_hwselect SYSPTF=/配件配置目录/your_system.ptf

选择cpu出现如下图(如果是多cpu的话,根据实际情况选择)

选择sdram如下图(在这里我选择的是1即ddr_sdram_0,其它根据实际情况)

十三. 编译内核和应用

[root@localhostuClinux-dis]# make(需要编译一段时间)

十四. 将 zImage文件copy到宿主机上

[root@localhost yanfa]# cp ./ images/zImage你挂载的目录

十五. 在宿主机上(windows)打开nios ii eds 7.2 commandshell

开始－>程序－>altera-> nios ii eds 7.2->nios ii eds 7.2 commandshell

十六.下载你的sof文件到目标板

十七. 下载zImage 到目标板

十八. 打开nios终端

十九. uclinux正确启动时应出现如下信息

Using cable "USB-Blaster [USB 2-1.2]", device 1, instance 0x00

Pausing target processor: OK

Initializing CPU cache (if present)

OK

Downloaded 1272KB in 7.7s (165.1KB/s)

Verified OK

Starting processor at address 0x00500000

# nios2-terminal

nios2-terminal: connected to hardware target using JTAG UART on cable

nios2-terminal: "USB-Blaster [USB 2-1.2]", device 1, instance 0

nios2-terminal: (Use the IDE stop button or Ctrl-C to terminate)

Uncompressing Linux... Ok, booting the kernel.

Linux version 2.6.26-rc6 (hippo@darkstar) (gcc version 3.4.6) #2 PREEMPT Mon Jun 16 14:30:09 CST 2008

uClinux/Nios II

Built 1 zonelists in Zone order, mobility grouping off.Total pages: 8128

Kernel command line:

PID hash table entries: 128 (order: 7, 512 bytes)

Dentry cache hash table entries: 4096 (order: 2, 16384 bytes)

Inode-cache hash table entries: 2048 (order: 1, 8192 bytes)

Memory available: 30136k/2333k RAM, 0k/0k ROM (1552k kernel code, 781k data)

Mount-cache hash table entries: 512

net_namespace: 180 bytes

NET: Registered protocol family 16

NET: Registered protocol family 2

IP route cache hash table entries: 1024 (order: 0, 4096 bytes)

TCP established hash table entries: 1024 (order: 1, 8192 bytes)

TCP bind hash table entries: 1024 (order: 0, 4096 bytes)

TCP: Hash tables configured (established 1024 bind 1024)

TCP reno registered

NET: Registered protocol family 1

io scheduler noop registered

io scheduler deadline registered (default)

ttyJ0 at MMIO 0x8009340 (irq = 8) is a Altera JTAG UART

console [ttyJ0] enabled

ttyS0 at MMIO 0x8008e00 (irq = 7) is a Altera UART

dm9000 Ethernet Driver, V1.30

TCP cubic registered

NET: Registered protocol family 17

RPC: Registered udp transport module.

RPC: Registered tcp transport module.

Freeing unused kernel memory: 572k freed (0x1b8000 - 0x246000)

Shell invoked to run file: /etc/rc

Command: hostname uClinux

Command: mount -t proc proc /proc

Command: mount -t sysfs sysfs /sys

Command: mount -t usbfs none /proc/bus/usb

mount: mounting none on /proc/bus/usb failed: No such file or directory

Command: mkdir /var/tmp

Command: mkdir /var/log

Command: mkdir /var/run

Command: mkdir /var/lock

Command: mkdir /var/empty

Command: ifconfig lo 127.0.0.1

Command: route add -net 127.0.0.0 netmask 255.0.0.0 lo

Command: cat /etc/motd

Welcome to

____ __

/__| ||_|

__| || | _ ________

| | | | || || |_ | | | | / /

| |_| | |__| || | | | | |_| |/

|___\____|_||_|_| |_|\____|\_/\_/

| |

|_|

呵呵, 恭喜你成功运行了uclinux操作系统现在你可以根据自己的喜好从新配置内核啦!!如下操作:

从新回到虚拟机下的uclinux-dist目录下

[root@localhost uclinux-dist]#make menuconfig

Kernel/Library/Defaults Selection --->

(linux-2.6.x) Kernel Version

(None) Libc Version

[ ] Default all settings (lose changes)

[*] Customize Kernel Settings

[*] Customize Vendor/User Settings

[ ] Update Default Vendor Settings

Then .

以下可以根据自己的喜好配置内核这里不再叙述

小提示: 在配置内核的过程中如果有朋友在编译内核加入iptables 时若出现如下错误：

include/linux/netfilter_ipv4/ip_tables.h:18:28: linux/compiler.h: No such file or directory

make[3]: *** [iptables.o] 错误 1

make[3]: Leaving directory `/usr/local/yanfa/nios2-linux/uClinux-dist/user/iptables'

make[2]: *** [iptables] 错误 2

make[2]: Leaving directory `/usr/local/yanfa/nios2-linux/uClinux-dist/user'

make[1]: *** [all] 错误 2

make[1]: Leaving directory `/usr/local/yanfa/nios2-linux/uClinux-dist/user'

make: *** [subdirs] 错误 1

解决方法：

把/usr/home/zhaozhilei/nios2-linux/uClinux-dist/user/iptables/include/linux/netfilter_ipv4 中的 ip_tables.h中的#include 注解掉可解决编译uclinux_dist内核时出现的加载iptables 的错误